Global birth trends in 2025 highlight a clear concentration in a handful of countries, led decisively by India, China, and Nigeria. India ranks first with an estimated 23.1 million births, reflecting its massive population base and relatively young demographic profile. China follows with around 8.7 million births, a figure that remains large despite a long-term decline driven by aging and low fertility. In third place, Nigeria records about 7.6 million births, underscoring Africa’s role as a major driver of future global population growth.
Beyond the top three, several populous nations continue to shape global demographic dynamics. Pakistan and DR Congo each register millions of births annually, while the United States remains the only high-income country in the top 10. Notably, Indonesia ranks sixth globally, with an estimated 4.44 million births in 2025, making it the largest contributor in Southeast Asia. This places Indonesia ahead of countries like Ethiopia, Bangladesh, and Brazil, emphasizing its regional and global demographic weight.
Within Southeast Asia, major urban centers play a critical role in shaping these numbers. Cities such as Jakarta, Surabaya, and Bandung in Indonesia account for a significant share of births due to urban migration and dense populations. Meanwhile, cities like Manila, Bangkok, and Ho Chi Minh City—though not all countries appear in the top three—remain important demographic hubs where healthcare access, employment opportunities, and urban lifestyles influence fertility patterns. Together, these Southeast Asian cities highlight how urban growth continues to shape population trends alongside national-level dynamics.
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