Drinking coffee on an empty stomach has been shown to significantly increase cortisol levels, the body’s primary stress hormone. Cortisol naturally peaks in the morning to help you wake up, regulate blood sugar, and mobilise energy. However, research suggests that caffeine consumed without food can push this response much higher than normal, with some studies observing spikes of up to 50 percent in certain individuals.
Caffeine stimulates the adrenal glands and signals the nervous system to release more cortisol. When no food is present, the body interprets this stimulation as stress rather than energy support. Elevated cortisol over time can disrupt sleep cycles, increase anxiety, raise blood sugar, and interfere with digestion. It may also contribute to hormonal imbalance and increased abdominal fat when the pattern is repeated daily.
Neuroscience and endocrinology research shows that frequent cortisol spikes can make the body more reactive to stress throughout the day. This can lead to energy crashes, irritability, and stronger dependence on caffeine to stay alert. People with sensitive stomachs may also experience acid reflux or nausea due to increased stomach acid production.
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