The Netherlands has launched the world's first mandatory nationwide vehicle-to-grid programme — requiring all new electric vehicles sold after January 2025 to be equipped with bidirectional V2G charging hardware, turning 4 million future electric cars into a distributed grid battery with combined capacity exceeding 80 gigawatt-hours.
Dutch law now requires all new public and workplace charging infrastructure to support bidirectional power flow, with vehicle owners receiving automated payments of 0.12 euros per kilowatt-hour for each unit discharged to the grid during peak evening demand hours..
The combined 80 gigawatt-hour capacity of the full Dutch EV fleet represents four times the total installed grid-scale battery storage of the entire European Union. Even at just 20 percent average fleet participation, the Netherlands gains 16 gigawatt-hours of instantly dispatchable clean.
The Netherlands bidirectional charging mandate is currently being studied for direct adoption by Germany, Denmark, and South Korea — all facing similar grid balancing challenges as high renewable penetration combined with large EV fleets creates predictable evening demand peaks that vehicle-to-grid dispatch eliminates at minimal marginal cost.
Source: TenneT Transmission System Operator Netherlands, Netherlands Enterprise Agency RVO, Joule, 2025
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