The body switches on a natural self-repair system called autophagy when food is scarce, a process first uncovered by Nobel Prize–winning scientist Yoshinori Ohsumi. His work revealed that during low nutrient conditions, cells break down damaged components, recycle them into energy, and rebuild stronger structures. This mechanism is linked to slower aging, reduced inflammation, and protection against cancers, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Autophagy also boosts immunity by clearing harmful cellular waste that accumulates with frequent eating. Research shows that short fasting, proper sleep, exercise, and certain plant compounds can activate this healing response. Ultimately, the body repairs itself most effectively during periods of rest, when energy shifts from digestion to deep cellular restoration.
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