Sweden just completed the longest underground hydrogen pipeline in the world — a 900-kilometer network connecting Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmo, and 14 industrial cities with domestically produced green hydrogen, replacing natural gas imports across the entire industrial corridor.
The Swedish Hydrogen Backbone repurposes 340 kilometers of decommissioned natural gas pipeline and installs 560 kilometers of new hydrogen-rated steel pipe. Hydrogen produced from Swedish hydroelectric and offshore wind surplus feeds the network at 7 compression stations distributing fuel at 70 bar pressure — sufficient for industrial burners, fuel cell vehicles, and hydrogen-powered heating systems along the full route.
Industrial customers along the corridor including steel manufacturers, paper mills, and chemical plants represent 34 percent of Sweden's total carbon emissions. Switching these facilities to hydrogen eliminates 12 million tonnes of CO2 annually — more than all Swedish passenger vehicles combined. Sweden becomes the first country to connect major industrial cities through a nationally scaled hydrogen distribution network.
Source: Vattenfall Sweden, Swedish Energy Markets Inspectorate, Swedish Government Hydrogen Strategy, 2025
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